Nursing Acceleration Challenge Exam (NACE) PN-RN Practice Test

What is the first treatment the nurse should anticipate for a patient showing signs of anaphylaxis?

1. Oral antihistamine.

2. Epinephrine.

3. Oxygen therapy.

4. Fluid replacement.

The correct answer is: Epinephrine.

In cases of anaphylaxis, the first treatment that should be anticipated is the administration of epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly. The primary mechanism behind anaphylaxis involves the release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, leading to widespread vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability. Epinephrine acts as a potent adrenergic agonist that counteracts the effects of this reaction. It works by causing vasoconstriction, which helps to increase blood pressure and improve perfusion to vital organs. Additionally, it relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, thus alleviating respiratory distress caused by bronchospasm. The prompt action of epinephrine is crucial, as it can significantly reduce the severity of symptoms and mitigate the risk of progression to a more severe state. Other treatments, such as oxygen therapy, may be necessary if the patient is experiencing significant respiratory distress, while fluid replacement could be indicated if the patient develops hypotension or signs of shock. Oral antihistamines, although they can provide relief for less severe allergic reactions, are not effective in treating anaphylaxis because they take longer to act and do not address the acute